Henry francis joel



(No Model.)

H. P.. JOEL.

ELEGTRIGLIGHT LAMP.

Pntented Nov. 15,1881. Y

UNITI-3D STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY FRANCIS JOEL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELECTRIC-LIGHT LAMP.y

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 249,632, dated November 15, 1881. Application filed June 9, 1881. (No model.) Patented in England December 16` 1879.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, HENRY FRANCIS JOEL, of 52 Queen Victoria street, in the city of London and Kingdom of En gland, engineer, have invented Improvements in Electric Light Lamps, (for which I have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 5,157, bearing date December 16, 1879,) of which the following isa speciiication.

.My improved electric-light apparatus cons ists, principally, otan arrangement for making good electrical contact on electrodes, while the movement of the electrode is rendered more certain, and the lateral and forward pressures thereon have a definable and adjustable ratio the one to the other. I further arrange ashortcircuitin g contact in combination with the above, also, of an arrangement of contacts and supports for electric lights; also, of improvements in the details ot' such lamps. y

I will now proceed more particularly to describe the above improvements.

Figure 1 is a front sectional view of my' application of contact-jaws lo an incandescent lamp, as well as an improved construction of such a lamp. Fig. 2 is a side view ofthe same. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are detached views of parts; Figs. 6 and 7, views of' the lamp-support; Fig. 8, a diagram showing the arrangement of the lamp in a circuit, with means for throwing in a V resistance when the lamp is thrown out.

Twojaws,JJ,orcontact-clips,ot'abell-crank form, are pivoted to ears a a on the guide or nipple N, the lower arms, J', of these jaws being horizontal and the upper arms inclined, lso as to meet together. Passing through the nip'- ple N there is a rod or tube, P, with a pivoted flange, P', secured by a cross-pin, t, at the top, and with a collar, S', and rollers It near the bottom end. (Shown separately in Fig. 4.) A weight, W, is suspended from the rollers R by means of a cord, W', and, through the medium of the tube P, presses upon the bottom arms of thejaws and presses the top arms of thejaws together. Thecordalso passes througharoller, f

R', xed tothe under side of the pencil-electrode holder c. (Shown separately in Fig. 3.) The pencil-electrode eis inserted in the socket at its end, and is guided into the guide-nipple N, passes through the jaws J, and impinges upon the terminal electrode E, so that the wei ght acts in a double manner by pressing the pencil-electrode e upward, and also atthe same time restraining it and making good contact by the pressure it exerts on the jaws J. By making the length of the inclined arm of the cranked contact-jaws J greater or less than the horizon- 'tal arm J', the upward pressure ofthe electrode e can be regulated to any niccty, and, moreover, the supporting-flange P' being pivoted, any inequality in the pencil-electrode@ causes the flange to tilt up and one-half ofthe press- -ure of the jaws J to be supported on the xed holder or nipple N, thus relieving the pencilelectrode c. When the electrode e has completely burned away to its end, the end ofthe socket-rod e', which is shaped to be larger than the pencil-electrode, presses a small contact bell-crank arm, L, (shown in Fig. 2, and separately in Fig. 5,) and so short-circuits'the lamp. I make the contact-jaws above described of copper,with an insertion ot' graphite, which latter I find keeps the contact clean and free from oxidation. I also make the terminal electrode E, which may be ot' any convenient shape, of copper with an insertion of graphite, and support itlby an arm, D, insulated from the nipple by rubber K', and connected with the wire I'.

The light is produced by the heating to incaudescence of the end of the carbon pencil electrode e between the jaws J and the top electrode, E. The electric current enters at the wire I, Fig. 2, passes through the nipple N to the jaws J and the electrode e, which, with a suitable current, becomes intensely heated at its end in contact with E, where it becomes pointed by the action of the current.. In addition to the light produced by the incandescence ot' the carbon, there is also the glow or llame from the sides of the burning carbon to the copper electrode, similar to the llame of an arclamp. A peculiar feature in the lightis, that the incandescent point of carbon becomes slightly curled in shape, somewhat like a mushroom, at its eXtreme-point in contact with E, and burns away at the edges, while the point is pressed and embedded in the center of the mushroom formation, thus keeping the contact perfect.

I support and mount the foregoing incandescent electric-light lamp in such a way that` the act of fixing it in its support also makes IOO the contacts between the two electrodes and the conducting-wires. This I effect, as shown in side view and sectional plan at Figs. 6 and 7, by means of a hollow clamp, C, in which the lamp is placed. The clamp is connected to one of the wires I, and is in electrical contact with the nipple. The arm I), insulated from the nipple, as described, comes into electrical contact with the wire I', which is insulated from the clamp by rubber K. In tixing the lamp tight contacts are secured.

I also arrange a commutator or switch, X, vwith the lamp, (see Fig. 8,) together with a rod or stick of carbon, Y, as a resistance equal in Iesistance to the lamp when burning, and by. turning a tap or key at the commutator I arrange that the lamp may be put in circuit and thrown out and be lighted up or putout at will, without disturbing any other lights in the same circuit, and also without interfering with the Aaction of the machine, the act of turning the lamp out putting the carbon resistance in cirl` cuit.

I do not here claim the use of graphite to prevent oxidation of the holding-surfaces.

What I desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent is- 1. The combination, with the carrierof the movable electrode, ot' clampingjaws bearing against said electrode, a bar bearing on said jaws, and connected by a tube, I, to supporting-pulleys It, a cord connected to the carrier passing over the pulleys and weighted, whereby the saine weight holds the jaws upon the electrode and raises the latter, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the movable electrode, ofjaws bearing against the same, and a weight and connecting devices, substantially as described, whereby the said weight presses the jaws against the electrode, and also elevates the latter.

3. The combination of pivoted jaws J, cord W', weight W, and tube P, with pivoted bar 1?', substantially as described.

4. The combination ofthe support ofthe fixed electrode and the holder of the movable electrode with the short-circuitin g device arranged to make electrical connection with the movable electrode, and toform a contact with the said support and with the holder-socket, when the latter is near the iixed electrode, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in an electric lamp, of

Va carbon pencil, pencil-carrier, jaws bearing against the pencil, and a cord and weight connected to the pencil-carrier to elevate the latter, and mechanism, substantially as shown, connecting the weight to the jaws, whereby the latter are pressed against the pencil, substantially as set forth.

G. The combination otl the clamp connected to one wire., I, and adapted to hold the lamp, and an insulated wire,I, arranged to make contact with the insulated electrodeholder ot' the lamp, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof l have signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY FRANCIS JOEL.

Witnesses:

JOHN DEAN, J. WATT, Both of 17 G'rtlccchurch Street, London. 

